Quantitative Methods for Historical Data Analysis

Quantitative Methods for Historical Data AnalysisThe substance abuse of duodecimal methods for historical data analysis has be travel along popularized by demographers, sociologists, social cognizance historians, and economic historians since the sparing History Association and the National Bureau of Economic Research conference on income and wealthy in 1957.1 In the ultimo six decades, with the rapid development of computer information system and customary global Internet, quantitative analysis is gradually drawing archives explore closer to science and helps intensify peoples understanding of history.The first historical employment that utilizes the quantitative analysis of historical data is Emily Eriksons, Malfeasance and the Foundations for spherical Trade The complex body part of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833.2 In their 2006 article, Erikson and Bearman analyze that the ontogeny and the global affair network of East India Company (EIC), 1601 to 1833, is mainly ascribed non to the entrepreneurial power of the company but to that its individual agents acting in their own self-interest, often at the expense of the EIC.To investigate the practices of individual malfeasance, Erikson and Bearman use data based on the sufficient data of 4,572 voyages taken by EIC including the records of ships, ship logs, journals, ports, voyage schedules, directgers, individual and corporate correspondences, financial records and books, receipts, registers of cargo, personnel, and armaments. Data from The register of the East India Companys Ships daybooks and Logs, 1600-1834 and The Biographical index of East India Company maritime helper officers 1600-1834 argon used to demonstrate the carrying capacity of the EIC and the ports involved in the trade network.3 Evidence reveals that the EIC management created opportunities for the snobby traders that were involved in malfeasance and for the relationship amid EIC and the private traders. Evidenc e also shows how EIC management identified the private traders, the captains on the ships, and who used company resources to conduct private trades for personal profits. In concomitant to the impacts on economics, the history of malfeasance can be associated with social, cultural, and political factors.By exploitation this data, Erikson and Bearman trace EIC trade from its early access to the Silk Road to the crossing of the Indian Ocean and discovering of an all-water route to Asia.4 Through the examination of individual ships port visits, Erikson and Bearman are able to develop a thesis that argues the personal ambitions of ships captains indirectly take to a more developed globalized trade network.The second historical reputation that utilize the quantitative analysis of historical data is Tyler Anbinders pitiable beyond Rags to riches New Yorks Irish deficit Immigrants and Their Surprising nest egg Accounts (Anbinder 2012). In his 2012 article, Anbinder examines the fina ncial conditions of New York Irish immigrant community in the nineteenth century. or else than rely solely on the correspondences, employment records, and estimated assets, Anbinder uses a resource impertinently available to historians as of his writing the Irish immigrants legal transfer accounts at the outgoer Saving Bank. 5 Anbinder challenges the long-held beliefs of many historians that Irish immigrants, particularly the Famine immigrants, were desperately forgetful. Widely despised, and often subsisting on the bare edge of starvation.6 He argues that the Irish immigrants communities had optimistic chance of success based on the amount of coin in their saving accounts.7To examine the savings of New Yorks Irish deficit immigrants, Anbinder and his students conducted a research flying field by creating a database of nine cytosine depositors (both immigrants and non-immigrants).8 These were randomly chosen from among the first 18,000 accounts opened at the bank. Important factors examined overwhelm date of arrival in America, occupational distribution, and immigrants economic backgrounds in Ireland.9 Anbinder argues the findings that the saving figures were underestimated the immigrants true net worth because of an overlook of immigrants growthal accounts, remittances to the family in Ireland, opposite kinds of assets (real estate, business investments, personal property), and the actual financial resources.10 Based on consequence, Anbinder acknowledges how the famine-era immigrant protected money from an unskilled job to a more profit-making category, own business, and/or using political connections to get higher-paying occupations.Anbinder illustrates a portrait of New York Irish immigrants using quantitative analysis of their bank records to draw out frank and independent indicators is radically different from his colleagues. In addressing his peers in eth field, Anbinder states that it is the historians responsibly to abjure entirely the r ags-to-riches paradigm and instead reconceptualize how we think about immigrant economic movement in America.11 He urges historians to look more at savings or else than these other pulsations of economic achievement. Saving is much more accurate measure of economic accomplishment, and the data is available, waiting to be explored. But it needs to be exploited soon because the records are quickly disappearing.12The third historical study that utilizes the quantitative analysis of historical data is the third chapter of Susie Paks Gentlemen Bankers The World of J. P. Morgan. In her book, Pak examines the inner working of the private banking sectors from the perspective of J. P. Morgan Co. Paks approach differs from other studies of the private bankers to compartmentalize their lives into economic, business, and social circles. Studying these circles, Pak argues, is problematic in that it obscures the context in which social choice and business decisions were made and instead, call for an integrated approach. quite an than writing a biography of the Morgans, Pak takes a broad view of the Morgans relationships, corporate trust and drawing on the studies of the Morgans social and business relations that have come before it.13 She focuses on a history of their network, meaning it studies their relationships and how they were organized.14 In addition to broadening the parameters of the study, Pak uses quantitative methods to analyze historical data that helps verify some(a) facts with results that have been mixed.In the third chapter of the book, Gentlemen Bankers, Pak examines the relationships mingled with J.P. Morgan Co. and the Judaic banking family of Kuhn, Leob Co.15 She argues that religion led to the rise of Jewish firms and influenced the social indian lodges to which certain successful bankers and lawyers belonged. To investigate how the uncontaminating Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs) and German-Jewish bankers were able to build trust and work to gether under the hostile anti-Semitism in America, Pak analyzes Morgans appointment books, social club ledgers, and patterns of ingleside within the neighbors as well as the syndicate partners. She points out the geomorphologic and historical similarities were existed between Jewish and Yankee bankers, such as an unfathomable liability private partnership, strong connections with European economic networks, shared bigeminal kinship ties and family marriages.16 She also argues that social separation significantly existed because of the cultural, religious differences, vocabulary barriers, and other historical trends.17 Starting in the nineteenth century, discrimination against the Jewish among Anglo-Americans occurred in institutions of higher learning and high society.18 Pak illustrates that Morgan and Jewish did not tolerate or congregate within the same social clubs or fraternities. However, in the nine to five relationship that while Jewish and non-Jewish bankers were able t o arrest their connection in downtown during the working hours, and yet the partners residences in uptown New York remained separated.19 Pak also points out not only anti-Semitism existed between Jewish and non-Jewish bankers, racial and gender discrimination against non-white immigrants and women was not usual in the financial world during the time.20Paks integrated approach analyzing the appointment books, social club ledgers, and the patterns of residence within the neighbors and the syndicate partners helps interpret and analyze historical evidence more effectively.1 North, Douglass C. Cliometrics-40 Years Later. The American Economic Review, 1977 412-414Two presentations by Alfred Conrad and John Meyer analyzing the history of the economies of U.S. and Canada in quantitative terms, on methodology (1957) and on the economics of thraldom (1958), see also Conrad, A. H. and Meyer, J. R. Economic Theory, Statistical Inference and Economic History, ledger of Economic History 174 ( Dec. 1957) 524-44 Conrad, A. H. and Meyer, J. R. The Economics of Slavery in the Antebellum South. Journal of Political Economy 662 (April 1958) 95-130.2 Erikson, Emily. Malfeasance and the Foundations for Global Trade The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833. The American Journal of Sociology, 2006 195-230.3 ib. 2074 Ibid. 2005 Tyler Anbnder, Moving beyond Rags to Riches New Yorks Irish Famine Immigrants and Their Surprising Savings Accounts, Journal of American History 99, no. 3 (2012) 7436 4 Oscar Handlin, Bostons Immigrants A Study in Acculturation (1941 Cambridge, Mass., 1991), 69, 55 Kerby A. Miller, Emigrants and Exiles Ireland and the Irish Exodus to North America (New York, 1985), 314-16, 321-22 Donald Harman Akenson, The Irish Diaspora A Primer (Toronto, 1993), 236-44 Kevin Kenny, Twenty Years of Irish American Historiography, Journal of American Ethnic History, 28 (Summer 2009), 67-69 Kenneth A. Scherzer, Immigrant Social Mobility and the Historian, i n A bloke to American Immigration, ed. Reed Ueda (Malden, 2006), 374 Edward Ayers et al., American Passages A History of the United States (Fort Worth, 2000), 397.7 Tyler Anbnder, Moving beyond Rags to Riches New Yorks Irish Famine Immigrants and Their Surprising Savings Accounts, Journal of American History 99, no. 3 (2012) 7438 Ibid. 7479 Ibid.10 Ibid. 75111 Tyler Anbnder, Moving beyond Rags to Riches New Yorks Irish Famine Immigrants and Their Surprising Savings Accounts, Journal of American History 99, no. 3 (2012) 74312 Ibid. 76913 Susie J. Pak, Gentlemen Bankers The world of J.P. Morgan (Cambridge, MA Harvard Unversity Press, 2013) 414 Ibid.15 Chapter three antisemitism in Economic Network, 81-10616 Susie J. Pak, Gentlemen Bankers The world of J.P. Morgan (Cambridge, MA Harvard Unversity Press, 2013) 80-8217 Ibid. 86 The refusal of Joseph Seligman, to the gigabyte Union Hotel in Saratoga, New York, on the grounds that they were Jewish or to use the term of the hotel, Israeli tes,18 Susie J. Pak, Gentlemen Bankers The world of J.P. Morgan (Cambridge, MA Harvard Unversity Press, 2013) 9519 Ibid. 8520 Ibid. 103-106