Global Warming Introduction Essay Essay

umteen researchers, scientists, and environmentalists ar expressing concerns nearly channelizes in the everyplaceall temper of the man. Some recall that a dramatically dangerous calefacient is taking place in the boilers suit globular mood, a problem that is pointred to as orbicular warming. This writing will attempt to explore this very issue.Climate is defined as the analysis of accumulated weather data for long term patterns and curls. The Oxford mention Dictionary defines change as, To make or become divers(prenominal). Climate change is in that locationfore defined as long-term weather patterns and trends becoming different over an extended period of time. For example, if the intermediate temperature in Kalamazoo, Michigan over the 20th century is substantially higher or lower than the mean(a) temperature in Kalamazoo, Michigan over the 19th century, this would be an example of climate change.Changes in climate can result from both natural events and milit ary personnel activities. Examples of natural causes of climate change are volcanic eruptions, variations in the orbs orbit around the sun, and variations in solar output (Ahrens, 485-491). Examples of human-induced causes of climate change include industrial pollutants and fossil fuels (Rhodes, 116), warming of average annual temperatures cod to urbanization (Eichenlaub, 163), and changes in the earths albedo due to deforestation of tropical rainforests (Geiger, 320). Climate change in the context of this physical composition refers to changes that result from human activities, especially as these changes relate to the issue of globular warming. Of special splendour is the greenhouse gas mental picture which is defined as, The living accommodations of thermal emissions from the earths surface by human-induced greenhouse gases (He). If world-wide warming is indeed happening, it is the greenhouse gas effect that is believed to be the nigh responsible. in that respect are s omewhat scientists who do not believe that at that place is enough turn up to support the idea of global warming. They assert that concerns about global warming grant been blown wholesome out of parity by the media. At the resembling time, another(prenominal) scientists assert that on that point is decent severalise to suggest that industrial activities, automobile emissions, and technological pollutants whitethorn ultimately result in dangerous (and even deadly) trends in the boilersuit global climate. This paper will attempt to getress this concern by analyzing some of the scientific studies that make been published in major meteorology journals.Our airwave consists of many gases. Some of these gases, such as century dioxide and water vapor, naturally absorb long-wave radiation that is emitted from the earths surface. Short-wave solar radiation enters the earths atmosphere and is absorbed by the earths surface. This radiation is then recycled and emitted as long wa ve terrestrial radiation. Gases such as water vapor and atomic number 6 dioxide absorb this radiation, hold it in the atmosphere, and sustenance the temperature of the earth warmer than it would otherwise be if there wasnt an atmosphere. This is what meteorologists refer to as the natural greenhouse effect (Mower).Problems could potentially arise, however, when human activities add additional shade gases into the atmosphere that also absorb out-going long-wave radiation. These additional trace gases include methane, chlorofloro speed of lights, nitrous oxide, aerosols, ozone, and hundred dioxide. The result is an increase in the make out of long-wave radiation that is being trapped by the atmosphere. It is believed that this could eventually increase the average overall global temperature.Carbon dioxide is considered the trace gas of greatest importance because of the substantial increase in its atmospheric tightness as well as its probable continued rise due to global intake of fossil fuels (Rhodes, 116). It is clear from looking at the evidence that carbon dioxide concentrations are increasing dramatically in the atmosphere. Observations of carbon dioxide concentrations are available for several(prenominal) locations. Over the period of 1973 to 1982, the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide in Barrow, Alaska rose steadily from 332.6 parts per gazillion (ppm) to 342.8 parts per million (Geiger, 110-111).This is not isolated to Barrow, Alaska. Records from other locations, such as Mauna Loa in Hawaii, are confirming that carbon dioxide concentrations are increasing in the atmosphere at a dramatic rate. incessant instrument records for atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations date back to the 1950s at the Mauna Loa observatory (Michaels, 1564). In 1958, the average atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide was solitary(prenominal) 316 parts per million (ppm). Preindustrial carbon dioxide concentrations are believed to be 279 parts per mill ion (Michaels, 1564), and the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in 1990 was 353 parts per million (Rhodes, 116). However, as one author points out, the fact that we are dealing with real changes in carbon dioxide does not automatically mean that we are looking at a serious problem (Lindzen, 288). This author points out that carbon dioxide is a minor atmospheric constituent and as such, its variations might not be notably important. He goes on to say that there are a number of things that increasing levels of carbon dioxide could effect and influence, including in ways that are beneficial. For example, at altitudes of 25 km to 90 km, the atmosphere is cooled primarily by thermal radiation emitted to space by carbon dioxide. Increasing carbon dioxide should cool these regions, and this, in turn, should run away to increasing concentrations of ozone at these levels. Increasing carbon dioxide might also stimulate the growth of vegetation (Lindzen, 288-289).While there are ind eed some possible benefits to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, the main concerns have focused on the possibility that increasing carbon dioxide might evidentiaryly warm our climate (Lindzen, 289). One author wrote that there is general agreement that increasing carbon dioxide will produce warming due to its ability to absorb in the infrared radiation (Lindzen, 289).There are studies that have indicated that no significant change in the overall global climate has yet taken place. For example, a study that was through with(p) by P. W. Spencer and J. R. Christy, using temperature records from the period of 1979 through 1990, showed a global trend of only +0.04 degrees Celsius per decade (Michaels, 1566). Other studies showed that the Northern Hemisphere has had no significant warming, while the Southern Hemisphere has had a slight temperature increase in the order of 0.2 degrees Celsius since the 1950s (Michaels, 1566). Patrick J. Michaels speculates that the reas on that we have not seen a significant increase in temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere is because of the balancing effect of anthropogenerated sulfates going into the atmosphere as a result of industrial pollution. Anthropogenerated sulfates have a cooling effect on the atmosphere because of their ability to reflect incoming solar radiation back to space. Michaels explains this in more decimal point when he writes, Because anthropogenerated sulfates are primarily produced and reside in the Northern Hemisphere, we may therefore be equaling the current enhanced greenhouse forcing with actual minus forcing in the hemisphere that contains most of the worlds population (Michaels, 1573).This lead to the obvious question of whether or not the lack of a significant increase in global temperature should be taken as evidence that we should not be concerned about the issue. William W. Kellog of the National Center for atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado has written an article ca lled repartee to Skeptics of world(prenominal) melting in which he responds to many of the objections that have been raised against global warming. Kellog points out that five or so of the most advanced climate models, developed over a period of many years by top notch teams, have all come to essentially the same conclusion The global average surface temperature would probably rise by about 2 to 5 K if the greenhouse gas concentration were maintained at double the pre-industrial revolution level (Kellog, 500). Kellog suggests that the reason that we have not seen a change as of yet in the overall warming is because of a temperature lag of several decades due in spacious part to the large heat capacity of the oceans of the world (Kellog, 500). He asserts that the evidence is still in favor of the fact that, sooner or later, a serious warming of the climate will occur.ReferencesAhrens, C. Donald. Meteorology Today An mental hospital to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, 5th E dition. New York West Publishing Company, 1995.Eichenlaub, Val L., Jay R. Haman, Fred V. Nurnberger, and Hans J. Stolle. The Climatic Atlas of Michigan. University of Notre birdie Press Notre Dame, Indiana, 1990.Geiger, Rudolf, Robert H. Aron, Paul Todhunter. The Climate Near the Ground, 5th Edition. Braunschweig, Germany Friedr, Veiweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft, 1995.He, Chansheng. Classroom notes presented verbally in Natural Resource Management, GEOG 555. Western Michigan University, winter 1999.Kellog, William W. Response to Skeptics of Global Warming. publicise American Meteorology Society. ledger 74, Number 4 (April 1991), pp. 499-511.Oxford American Dictionary. Oxford University Press New York, 1980.Lindzen, Richard S. Some Coolness Concerning Global Warming. Bulletin American Meteorology Society. Volume 71, Number 3 (March 1990), pp. 288-299.Michaels, Patrick J. Global Warming A Reduced Threat? Bulletin American Meteorology Society. Volume 73, Number 10 (October 1992), p p. 1563-1577.Mower, R. Neil. Classroom notes presented verbally in Physical Meteorology, ESC 530. of import Michigan University, autumn 1996.Rhodes, Steven L. Climate and Environmental Degradation of the Great Lakes. diary of Environmental Systems. Volume 22, Number 2, pp. 105-122.