A researcher strongly believes Essay

1.A investigateer powerfully believes that physicians tend to betoken female nurses less attention and respect than they show male nurses. she sets up an experimental study involving observations of health clinics in contrastive conditions. In explaining the study to the physicians and nurses who go out participate, what steps should the researcher take to ward off experimental slash based on both(prenominal) experimenter expectations and participant expectations.?The runner step should be to consider that using an experiment in clinical conditions is a bad idea. An ethnographic study might be a let out approach. The next step should be to consider what is really beingness studied. Is the point of the study to determine how physicians treat female nurses when comp bed to male nurses, or is it to determine the degree of difference? Would the individuals gender (both that of the physician and that of the nurse) make a difference? The results of a study would non be valid w ithout considering the possibility that it is gender, not sex, that makes the difference.If pressed to design this experiment, I would come to permission to do the observation (or experiment, if you prefer). Then I would investigate the doctors and nurses winding to participate in training vignettes. I would film the vignettes so that my bat could be triangulated by other researchers. I would discombobulate a research assistant play the role of a patient, but would not burst to the doctor and nurse that this was not a real patient. I would ask the doctor(s) to film the training vignette, perhaps of the way to decide whether or not to order a particular type of test, twice.The first time they would be given a male or female nurse the flash time, the reverse. The videos would be observed by myself and a research diary kept, with my face-to-face feelings about the vignettes and the participants actions recorded so that any bias could be accounted for later. I would write my con clusions about the individuals behaviors. Then, I would have political machinedinal other researchers do the same. The conclusions of the deuce-ace researchers would be compared and if two of the researchers had the same opinion about the behaviors of the physician, that opinion would be recorded as the official observation. The outlier observation would be recorded and archived.If the time was available I would film each physician six times with a masculine male nurse, with a feminine male nurse, with a masculine female nurse, with a feminine female nurse, and with an obviously transgender male and female. The repetitive nature of doing this could easily be explained by saying the client was not put down what they wanted yet.2.In what ways is the fight-or-flight response helpful to humans in speck stains?The fight or flight response helps the individual who is in an hint situation to get the blood pumping so that the clay can in effect run, or fight. The heart rate goes up the individual may pass or develop goose bumps. The sympathetic naval division of the autonomic unquiet system governs flight or fight. Once the emergency is over or perhaps, there never was an emergency, but the person believed there was the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system takes over and helps calm the ashes down. The parasympathetic system stores energy for the next time it is needed in an emergency. The simplistic answer to this question is that fight or flight helps the human trunk prepare to survive.3 Much research is being conducted on rep rail lineing faulty stunning organs through devices such as personal direction systems and eyeglasses, among others. Do you think that researcher should attempt to improve normal sensory capabilities beyond their natural range (for example make human visual or audio capabilities more sensitive than normal)? What problems might this cause?This is both a question of science, and of ethics. We may be able to d o something (even without unwished-for side effects) but this does not mean we should. Once the capacity exists to better ourselves through engineering, individuals who are in competitive situations will want this technology to make themselves more competitive. Perhaps a cochlear implant, for example, can be used not only for the non-hearing to hear, but to make the hearing have something resembling super-hearing, without being detectable by others. It is easy to foresee a situation where CEOs would want this implant to makeit possible to hear what members of the board are muttering, or that football players would want it so they can hear what the opp sensationnt quarterback is saying in the huddle.From a technical perspective, however, the human body is not comprised of stand-alone parts any more than a car or truck is. The body is put unitedly in a system. The bodys parts are designed to work in concert in a particular way, much the same way that the carburetor, air filter, engi ne, spark plugs, and cooling system are designed to work together in a vehicle. The vehicle cannot work correctly if the driver of a 68 Mustang takes out the fuel pump designed for that vehicle and inserts one designed for a 2002 Humvee.The frame is not the same the engine is not the same. Parts are not plug-and-play they are not interchangeable. They have to be matched. In a car, trying to string together parts designed for a variety of vehicles will result in one of three outcomes either the parts wont work together as a whole, they will work together but badly, or they will work together and then blow out prematurely. The human body would be exactly the same. One size does not fit all.