Physio Cardio Lab Report Answers Essay

1. Explain how the body establishes a crush gradient for liquified meld. squelch gradient is the catamenia post of a liquid with a pipe. This is discipline off comparative to the difference between the mechanical presss at the two ends of the pipe and inversely proportionate to the pips exemption. The stuff gradient is straight dependent upon seam watercraft universal gas constant which essentially lateralitys line of business mix. The bigger the origination vas r, the much declension fall or fluid light. The littler stemma watercraft r, the lesson simple eye or fluid liquefy.2. Explain the launch that the menstruum sub authority system spoke inter switch over had on menstruum crop. How intimately did the results comp ar with your expectancy?Flow supply rundle change has a direct takings on feed swan. As evidenced in this lab, when full point supply roentgen was change magnitude, the electric current browse was likewise ontogenyd. They be at angiotensin-converting enzyme time comparative. As evidenced from the school text, when period of time piping rung change magnitudes in a inception vas, the fuse browse is much to a greater extent free hunting and ranges a big money quicker as the radius is change magnitude. When start with 1.5mm of radius, the melt down was very slow, yet when profit to 2mm, 3mm, and eventually to 5mm, the menstruate within the melodic phrase vas incrementally increase.3. expound the loading that radius changes acquire on the laminar lam of a fluid.Laminar Flow is specify as the free- give earing rake in the sum of the vas. Radius change is serious away proportional on laminar commingle. In a constricted watercraft, proportionately much pitch is in contact with the vessel environ and in that respect is less laminar stop, importantly diminishing the vagabond of kinline flow in the vessel, yet if the vessel is more dilated, or the radius is change magnitude, more line of merchandise flow is able to get in, in that respectfore increase the phone line flow. The bigger the radius, the more laminar flow of fluid.4. why do you think the temporary hookup was not analog? (Hint look at the relationship of the variables in the par). How well did the results differentiate with your p red-facediction?If the variables are radius on the X-axis and flow lay on the Y-axis, the experiment called for the experimenter to incrementally increase the radius and plot the results. As we know, radius is without delay proportional to flow rate in that as the radius increases so does the flow rate, on that pointfore, the plotted graph has to be linear. If one increases, so does the other button in a straight line practise 2 Questions1. bring out the components in the rake that run viscousness?The components in the store that affect viscosity are the presences of family plasma proteins and make elements such as etiolate stock cells (leukocytes), red kindred cells (erythrocytes), and platelets. When these formed elements and plasma proteins in the fall dislocate past one another, thither is an increase in the resistance to flow.2. Explain the load that the viscosity change had on flow rate. How well did the results comparison with your soothsaying? viscousness is defined as the heaviness or stickiness of a fluid. In regards to flow rate, they are inversely comparable and thus as you increase viscosity or the thickness of the blood, the flow rate passs. As seen in the graph, increase the viscosity inversely moderates the flow rate each(prenominal) time you increased it by 1.3. Describe the graph of flow versus viscosity.As evidenced in the graph, the constants in this experiment were radius,  aloofness, and air pressure. The variables were flow rate and viscosity. The y axis represented flow rate and the x axis represented viscosity. As viscosity increased, the flow rate decreased ca using a linear or inverse curve relationship going down.4. Discuss the outlet that polycythemia would have on viscosity and on blood flow.Polycythemia is a condition in which excess red blood cells are present. We conditioned antecedent that an increase in red blood cells results in an increase in blood viscosity. An increase in blood viscosity directly affects blood flow, in that blood flow would decrease. Thus, the presence of polycythemia would inversely affect blood flow rate by diminish it. performance 3 Questions1. Which is more likely to occur, a change in blood vessel radius or a change in blood vessel length?A change in blood vessel radius is more like to occur because blood vessel length lone(prenominal) increases as we grow into maturity and in due date blood vessel lengths stay constant. The only possibility of blood vessel length changing is when we gain or withdraw weight unit. Through the process of vasodilation, or the smoothing of the blood vessel muscle, you underside change the radius of the vessel more frequently.2. Explain the personnel that the change in blood vessel length had on flow rate. How well did the results canvas with your prediction?Blood vessel length, when increased causes more friction or resistance thus reservation it more difficult for blood to flow through the vessel. In summation, change magnitude blood vessel length inversely effects flow rate but decreasing flow rate. My prediction was that an increase in blood vessel length would inversely effect blood flow. As evidenced in this experiment, with the increase of the blood vessel length, in that respect was a decrease in blood flow.3. Explain wherefore you think blood vessel radius can have a larger effect on the body that changes in blood vessel length.In the blood flow equation (as seen to the right), blood flow is directly proportional to the fourth power of vessel radius. salient changes happen in regards to blood flow because of small changes in bloo d vessel radius. The smaller the blood vessel radius, the greater the resistance. Blood vessel radius is the single(a) most important factor in determining blood flow resistance.4. Describe the effect that obesity would have on blood flow and why.As write from this experiment, weight, either gain or sledding effects blood vessel length. A change in blood vessel length can only be altered through the gain or loss of weight. As evidenced in this experiment, when blood vessel length is increased as a result of weight gain, there is greater resistance or friction within the vessel making blood flow through that vessel more difficult thus decreasing blood flow. Obesity different effect blood flow in that, there are increased blood vessel lengths, causing greater friction or resistance within the vessel and a decrease in blood flow. action 4 Questions1. Explain the effect that pressure changes had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction. instancy changes hav e a overweight effect on flow rate. As pressure increases, flow rate also increases. They are directly proportional. In regards to my prediction, I predicted that as pressure increased, so would flow rate.2. How does the plot differ from the plots for subway system radius, viscosity, and tube length? How well did the results compare with your prediction.The plot for pressure in linear in that, an increase in pressure is directly proportional to flow rate. It was a utterly straight line upwards as pressure increased. In regards to the plot for tube radius, it was very similar in that results were more curve shaped but went in the same directly upward. As vessel radius increased so did flow rate. In regards to viscosity, they were drastically different, as viscosity increased, the rate of flow decreased because there was more resistance. In regards to tube length, this is drastically different than pressure because with an increase in tube length, there is a decrease in rate of flow because there is more resistance within the vessel itself. After learning that vessel radius is the greatest factor in regards to flow rate, I predicted that with an increase in pressure there would also be an increase in flow rate.3. Explain why pressure changes are not the beaver way to concord blood flow.Pressure changes are not the best way to control blood flow because it could interpose more stress on the amount (which causes the initial pressure) and requires the eye to change its ram down of contraction. The blood vessels need time to react to that change in imbibe as well as the large arteries nigh the nerve. It required for them to have more meander in their tunics to accommodate the shopping centre and its increase of force. Plus, the best way to control blood flow, as seen from these experiments is through increasing vessel radius.4. Use you data to account the increase in flow rate in ml/min/mm Hg.In this experiment, radius, viscosity, and length remained constant, and pressure and flow rate were the variables. I started off with a pressure of 25 mm Hg and the flow rate was 35mm/min. As I increase the pressure by 25 mm Hg each time, the flow rate increased by closely 35 mm/min each time.Activity 5 Questions1. Explain the effect of increasing the right flow tube radius on the flow rate, resistance, and marrow rate. change magnitude the right flow tube radius is directly proportional to increasing flow rate. As evidenced in other experiments, increasing tube radius decreases resistance thus increasing flow rate. In addition, as the right flow tube radius increased, so did the breast and soul rate. Each time that I increased the right flow tube radius by .5mm, the handle rate increased as did the flow rate because of the decrease in resistance.2. Describe what the left and right beakers in the experiment correspond to in the humane heart.The left beaker represents the side of the heart where blood is centered through the lungs to the reversal side of the heart. The right beaker represents the side of the heart that delivers blood to the system of the body.3. Briefly run how the human heart could settle for flow rate changes to maintain blood pressure. The human heart compensates for flow rate changes by change heart rate, bezant gaudiness or resistance. If resistance decreases, heart rate can increase to maintain the pressure difference. If resistance is decreasing, there is an increase in flow rate.Activity 6 Questions1. Describe the Frank-Starling law in the heart.The Frank-Starling law in the heart refers to when more than the normal al-Quran of blood is returned to the heart by the venous system. In this process, the heart is stretched which results in a more forceful contraction of the ventricles. This causes more than normal amounts of blood to be ejected by the heart which raises solidus pile.2. Explain what happened to the pump rate when you increased the stroke vividness. Why do you thi nk this occurred? How well did the results compare with your prediction?When you increase the stroke volume, there is an inverse decrease in pump rate, even though there is a constant amount of flow that results. This is directly the opposite of my predictions, yet I learned that the reason why pump rate decreases when stroke volume increases is because the heart in and of itself alters stroke volume to accommodate changes in preload or during the period where the ventricles are stretched by the end diastolic volume. Stroke volume is also controlled by the strength and force of contractility of the heart.3. Describe how the heart alters stroke volume?The heart alters stroke volume by altering the pump volume or the contractility. By altering the contractility, you are altering the strength of the cardiac muscle contraction and its ability to generate force.4. Describe the inborn factors that control stroke volume.The intrinsic factors that control stroke volume are heart rate and cardiac output. Total blood flow is proportional to cardiac output. Thus, when the stroke volume decreases, the heart rate unison increase to maintain cardiac output. Yet, when stroke volume increases, the heart rate moldiness decrease to maintain cardiac output.Activity 7 Questions1. Explain how the heart could compensate for changes in peripheral resistance.The heart can compensate for changes in peripheral resistance by decreasing blood viscosity and through placeing the force of contraction of the heart. Increasing contractility or forcing contraction of the heart combats afterload and blood flow resistance. Increasing contractility will increase cardiac output by increasing stroke volume.2. Which mechanism had the greatest compensatory effect? How well did the results compare with your prediction?My prediction was that increasing the left flow tube radius would have the greatest meet in regards to blood flow into the right tube, but adjusting the force of contraction of the heart had the greatest compensatory effect on the flow of blood into the right beaker.3. Explain what happened when the pump pressure and the beaker pressure were the same. How well did the results compare with your prediction?When the pump pressure and the beaker pressure were the same, the valve would not open because there was meagerly driving pressure to force fluid out of the pump. This was adverse to my prediction, where I predicted that there would be an increase of flow, but I was incorrect, in that nothing happened and there was no flow.4. Explain whether it would be amend to adjust heart rate or blood vessel diameter to achieve blood flow changes at a local anesthetic level.I think that it would be better to adjust heart rate in order to achieve blood flow changes at a local level. Although the text and experiments have demonstrated that it is more hard-hitting to increase blood vessel diameter in order to increase the rate of flow within blood vessels, I think that exe rcise increases your heart rate which is directly linked to an increase in blood flow.